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🧪 KNOW CHEMISTRY · AGES 11–16

CHEMISTRY

⚛️ Electrons in Orbitals, Not Simple Circles!

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ORBITALS
s, p, d, f regions of space
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AUFBAU
Fill lowest energy first
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PAULI
Two electrons per orbital
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HUND
Spread before pairing
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NOTATION
Write 1s2 2s2 2p6
⚛️ ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
TOPIC 09 · CHEMISTRY · SPDF · ORBITALS · PATTERNS
PAGE 1 OF 5, BEYOND CIRCLES
WHERE ELECTRONS LIVE
Cutaway atom showing electron shells dividing into sub-shells and then into orbitals
SHELLS, SUB-SHELLS, ORBITALS
Electrons do not orbit like tiny planets on perfect rings. They occupy regions of space called orbitals, grouped into sub-shells (s, p, d, f) inside energy shells. Electronic configuration lists how electrons fill those levels, such as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ for neon.
⚛️ CONFIG
Configuration shows which orbitals are occupied and how many electrons each holds.
FILL!
s ORBITAL
Spherical s orbital drawn as a round cloud surrounding the atomic nucleus
🌐 Spherical shape
2️⃣ Holds up to 2 electrons
📍 Lowest energy in each shell
p ORBITALS
Dumbbell shaped p orbitals pointing along three directions around the nucleus
🎱 Dumbbell shapes
6️⃣ Three p orbitals hold 6
📐 Point along x, y, z
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