Spices are dried seeds, bark, buds, and roots that pack strong flavour and smell. Black pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves all grew far from Europe, mostly in Asia. Before fridges, meat and fish spoiled quickly in warm weather. Cooks used spices to add zip and to cover sad, stale tastes. Kings, merchants, and rich families paid huge prices for small bags of pepper. Those little jars on your kitchen shelf once helped drive ships across whole oceans.
⚡ DID YOU KNOW?
In medieval Europe, black pepper was extremely expensive. A small pouch could cost more than many workers earned in a long time.