Each coral polyp is a soft-bodied cousin of jellyfish and sea anemones, it builds a cup of calcium carbonate around itself. Colonies stack branch on branch for centuries, cemented by algae and sponges, until whole islands rise from fringing rims. Warm, clear, sunlit water lets chemistry run fast enough to outpace erosion from storms and hungry grazers.
⚡ DID YOU KNOW?
The Great Barrier Reef is visible from space, yet each builder is only millimetres wide.